Odysseus, the First Anti-Hero

Odysseus, some will profess, is heroic for surviving in a largely uncivilized and immoral world. After all, he survived temptations his sailors did not, he deceived a one-eyed monster, and he returned home while others did not.

Not a single argument for Odysseus’ heroism can stand. At best, Odysseus is a fool and a scoundrel, or, in the language of Hollywood, he is the world’s best action hero. He fights one-eyed monsters and immoral men; he has a 7-year affair and hangs immoral women. Plus, the young girls love him, his wife and family wait 20 years for him, and a goddess escorts him. Among action heroes, you cannot beat Odysseus.

In fact, Odysseus is a disgraceful husband, a disgraceful father, a disgraceful son, a disgraceful brother (according to the cowherd) and a disgraceful leader. If you haven’t read The Odyssey yet, you just have to, if for no other reason than to laugh at the brilliance with which one author hid all the perverse habits and desires of the ancient feudal lord in sublime hexameter.Besides, it may amuse us to recognize modern failings in The Odyssey. For example, while plenty of modern military families remain affected by delinquent fathers, the norm is the father who, thanks to his (and often the mother’s, too!) enslavement to work, is hardly ever a father, and when he is with his children, hardly knows how to be their delightful companion. To overlook the perverse and irresponsible behavior in The Odyssey is not an innocent act of scholarly self-indulgence, it is socially irresponsible … yet this is understandable, for the perversity I speak of refers to completely normalized and largely accepted behavior.

The Bible has undergone much scholarly scrutiny and criticism in modern times; why have Homer’s works been spared? They have much in common with the Bible. Perhaps the scholar’s prejudice stems from a blind, left-eyed, left-wing preference for all things secular – as if they were one-eyed readers, readers blinded by perverse notions of heroism.

Rumplestiltkskin

Most readers remember that Rumplestiltskin asked for a poor woman’s child in return for giving her a pile of gold. They may also remember that, in the end, the poor woman kept the gold, the child and married the king. Now, in her amazing good fortune, she fulfilled two of the most conventional themes of Euro-Asian folklore, the rags to riches theme and the return or creation of a child theme.

Yet “Rumplestiltskin” is anything but a conventional work of folklore.

Even on the most superficial level, “Rumplestiltskin” is odd. To begin with, the story is named after the main character–a man who happens to be both the apparent antagonist and a dwarf. Since when are dwarfs not benevolent characters in folklore?

Moreover, upon close examination, I understand that Rumplestiltskin–the poor dwarf who was barred from the blessing of having a family– is precisely the one character with whom we should empathize, while all the others, the newborn excepted, are greedy, selfish and cruel. Sure, Rumpelstiltskin asked for the woman’s first child as a payment, but why not when she had already given him her “ring”?

Is this not a rare folktale that asks us to reconsider the social status of the dwarf and of all visible minorities who struggle to attain the simple pleasures of marriage and family?

Tear the text in two just as Rumplestiltskin, in his gruesome, final act, mysteriously tore himself in two.

Published in:  on at 9:16 pm Leave a Comment
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The Wonderful Kettle

This North American tale speaks of the former glory or dietary significance of the American chestnut tree. Beyond this obvious message lies an intricate comedy of gender-based role reversals that verges on subverting the gender-based norms of its culture. Compared to the longer, darker version available at www.firstpeople.us (see “Hodadenon: The last one left and the chestnut tree”) “The Wonderful Kettle” reminds us that even within the oral tradition, the story teller’s skill, talent and personality can influence not only word choices but also the story’s linguistic and possibly intellectual depth.

The Mad Scientist

Anyone who experiments is a scientist, but the destiny of science is to experiment with human culture, for as yet no culture exists which has been properly designed, tested and evaluated, and so it’s no surprise that cultures continue to fail their people, or at least perform sub-optimally.

I am dreaming of the age of cultural science and cultural research and development. I am dreaming of the day when people stand up and say, “Okay, I can be honest. My culture, religion, political party, tradition–whatever, isn’t perfect. So, this year I’m going to try something different, and if the new culture does not satisfy all our reasonable expectations of a culture (i.e. is it sustainable environmentally and politically, and does it foster the highest possible mental and physical health?) I will try something else again, until I discover or formulate the best possible culture.”

While this envisions a responsible and necessary application of the scientific method, let’s be serious: no one has ever lived this way, and I doubt anyone can.

Besides, cultural scientists cannot be part of their own experiments and expect to be objective evaluators. We cannot extricate ourselves from one culture and enter or experiment with another as if we were uncontaminated subjects. Moreover,  any persons attempting to adapt to a superior culture will experience difficulties, even if they desire to adapt to it. For while superior cultures can produce greater health and happiness, they can only do so by first destroying the spirit or personality created by the inferior culture, and such destruction can easily produce negative, subjective evaluations, withdrawal symptoms and decisions to abort.

Fortunately, or unfortunately, a less formal and usually less conscious approach to cultural experimentation is normal. Cultures are constantly evolving, however blindly, and people too, however little. Experimentation occurs wherever anyone tries to do something different. I am not excluding such apparently trivial experiments as a person’s first attempt to wear red instead of black. While such behavioral changes may be upsetting and even traumatic (don’t laugh), they remain very minor experiments. More serious experiments would include religious conversions and immigration.

The true and necessary scientific spirit is lacking wherever people do not consciously experiment with their cultural identity, and simply slide along the blind and bloody historical slope of cultural evolution. Too often people expect Heaven when they have only taken a baby step forwards, not even upwards, and often enough downwards.

Now the question arises: who on Earth has time enough to experiment with all the possible manifestations and permutations of human culture in order to discover the best possible version? A thousand life times might not be long enough. Fortunately humans can recognize patterns, which helps us eliminate entire ranges of cultural expression on the basis of a few examples. To illustrate: if a few capitalist cultures share the habit of creating economic injustice, we can assume that such injustice is a necessary expression of capitalist cultures, and then all possible expressions of capitalism can be eliminated.

The law of patterns also applies to individual parts of a culture. Thus, although some cultures are somewhat heterogeneous, they are generally homogeneous, and therefore if one part is corrupt all the parts will be corrupt. For example: modern cultures practice monoculture in the area agriculture, monogamy in the area of reproduction, monotheism in the area of morality, and in the area of education they are mono-pros and one-trick specialists. As we erase entire forests to plant soya, so we erase the fertile world of the child and hand it over to an education system that requires increasing specialization, until the students focuses entirely on one subject and becomes a specialist. Students will need the chemical fertilizers, I mean pharmaceuticals, as the soil becomes increasingly depleted of nutrients, and we call this their Attention Deficit Disorder.

The positive result of our specialization is that this mania has allowed experimental specialists seeking revolutionary developments to develop improved cultural expressions in their respective fields. And then, whenever one specialist succeeds in improving one aspect of culture, the rule of one-part-like-another can be used to extrapolate desirable principles from that part, and the principles can then be used to generate improvements to other parts of culture (I refer the reader to my Little Country Handbook). For example, if we discover a highly sustainable form of agriculture, its core principles should be applied to architecture/rural planning,  education, aesthetics and social planning.  This technique may sound strange, as one would think agriculture has nothing in common with other parts of culture, but as I’ve just shown, the opposite is true.

Now this monomaniacal culture is crumbling, and as our leaders speak of bricks and banks, I ask them, where are our cultural leaders?–our cultural scientists and engineers? Political and economic structures can repress experimentation, growth and evolution, but they inevitably end in disaster, as does any attempt to keep a child from growing up. The more I examine the historical evidence the more I see that all past and present cultures are non-sustainable evolutionary stages on the road to a sustainable culture. In fact, despite the overwhelming signs of sickness, I dare say sickness is good insofar as it heralds and demands the end of an evolutionary stage. Besides,  pockets of progress exist, even progress beyond modernity, progress fueled by strong characters living apart from the masses, in private laboratories.

Published in:  on February 18, 2009 at 7:02 pm Leave a Comment

I Challenge my Childhood Hero, David Suzuki

Being an environmentalist, I was struck by David Suzuki’s life-defining metaphor of all environmentalists being stuck yelling in the trunk of a car headed for a brick wall. Now David is producing some cute tv ads from his trunk, trying to persuade us to buy better lights and to seal our windows. And, curiously, Obama is striking the same note. I ask you, should we have more efficient automobiles as we hurtle headlong towards resource wars, mass migrations and climate horror? Hmmm. Why not leap out of the trunk and found an intentional/utopian/environmental community? The world already has a few and takes little interest in them. What it needs is a public figure like Suzuki to do something heroic by doing what may seem like abandoning the so-called green movement. We have enough movements. What we need is something stationary. A foundation. No, not an abstract “foundation” like the Suzuki Foundation; an actual, living, self-sustaining and physical community. Utopia? Well, just something that operates according to green principles, without donations from sponsors and businesses.

David, if you can hear me out there, could you lead us out of Egypt, ban yourself from cars and airplanes, put your foot down and begin to create the promised land?

Become a myth.

Published in:  on February 12, 2009 at 8:00 pm Leave a Comment